{"id":9634,"date":"2026-01-28T16:54:33","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T09:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/?p=9634"},"modified":"2026-02-01T14:57:25","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T07:57:25","slug":"puff-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-benefits-and-guide-for-brand-owners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/puff-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-benefits-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/","title":{"rendered":"Puff Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons, Benefits and Guide for Brand Owners"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">If you\u2019re building a clothing brand and exploring printing techniques, you\u2019ve probably heard about puff printing, that raised, 3D look that makes designs pop. But before you commit to it for your next collection, you need to know both the real benefits and the hidden limitations. This article breaks everything down clearly so you can decide whether puff printing fits your brand, your designs, and your customers.<\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">=<strong>&gt; Read More:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/our-service\/t-shirts-manufacturing\/\">T Shirts Manufacturing Vietnam | Mekong Garment Factory<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/t-shirt-printing-methods-pros-cons-and-how-to-choose-the-right-one\/\"><strong>T-Shirt Printing Methods Comparison:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/screen-printing-for-t-shirts-what-it-is-pros-cons-costs-and-when-to-use-it\/\">Screen Printing for T-Shirts: What It Is, Pros, Cons, Costs, and When to Use It<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/direct-to-garment-dtg-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-and-what-brands-must-know\/\">Direct-to-Garment (DTG) Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons, and What Brands Must Know<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/direct-to-film-dtf-printing-for-t-shirts\/\">Direct-to-Film (DTF) Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/heat-transfer-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-benefits\/\">What Is Heat Transfer Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons, Benefits,&#8230;<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/sublimation-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/\">Sublimation Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons and Guide for Brand Owners<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/puff-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-benefits-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/\">Puff Printing for T-Shirts: Pros, Cons, Benefits and Guide for Brand Owners<\/a><\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/heat-transfer-vinyl-htv-printing-pros-cons-and-benefits\/\">Heat Transfer Vinyl (HTV) Printing: Pros, Cons and Benefits<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\"><a class=\"rank-math-html-sitemap__link\" href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/what-is-embroidery-for-t-shirts-a-brand-owners-guide\/\">What Is Embroidery for T-Shirts? A Brand Owner\u2019s Guide<\/a>\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">What Is Puff Printing?<\/h2>\n<p>Puff printing is a <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/screen-printing-for-t-shirts-what-it-is-pros-cons-costs-and-when-to-use-it\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2944\">screen<\/a> printing variation that uses a special additive mixed into plastisol ink. When heat is applied during curing, the additive expands making the printed area rise above the fabric. Instead of flat ink, your design gets a raised, tactile texture you can feel with your fingertips. In short: puff = texture + depth.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9647 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1100\" height=\"1100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1.webp 1100w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-200x200.webp 200w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-430x430.webp 430w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-700x700.webp 700w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">How Puff Printing Works:<\/h3>\n<p>Here\u2019s the real process step by step:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Design Preparation:<\/strong> Simple, bold artwork works best. Tiny details are a problem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ink + Puff Additive:<\/strong> The additive is mixed into the ink before printing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Screen Printing:<\/strong> Your design is printed onto the shirt exactly like regular screen printing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Curing with Heat:<\/strong> Heat activates the puff additive. That\u2019s when the magic happens: the ink rises.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expansion Happens:<\/strong> The design turns 3D, but only if temperature and timing are right.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>=&gt; Pro tip:<\/strong> Puff printing isn\u2019t just \u201cscreen printing with foam.\u201d It requires precise heat control so the puff rises evenly. This is where less experienced printers often slip up.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9648 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"2283\" height=\"2283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1.webp 2283w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1-200x200.webp 200w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1-430x430.webp 430w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1-700x700.webp 700w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-1-1-150x150.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2283px) 100vw, 2283px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">When Puff Printing Works \u2014 and When It Doesn\u2019t<\/h3>\n<p>Here\u2019s the real question every <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/what-is-a-top-production-sample-top-sample-and-why-brand-owners-actually-need-it\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2945\">brand owner<\/a> should ask: Does puff printing add value to my brand message \u2014 or just make a design \u201clook cool\u201d?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Best Use Cases:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bold brand logos<\/li>\n<li>Block text or typography<\/li>\n<li>Accent elements (small parts of the design, not full shirts)<\/li>\n<li>Limited editions or drop collections<\/li>\n<li>Streetwear, urban, and youthful fashion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>When Puff Might Hurt Your Product:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Full-shirt intricate designs<\/li>\n<li>Soft, premium silhouettes<\/li>\n<li>Brands that pride themselves on minimalism<\/li>\n<li>Kids\u2019 tees where comfort matters most<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pros and Cons of Puff Printing<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Puff printing looks simple on paper: mix a puff additive into ink, apply heat, and the graphic rises into a 3D texture. But for <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/sublimation-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2949\">brand owners<\/a>, the real question isn\u2019t <em><strong>\u201cdoes it look cool?\u201d<\/strong><\/em> it\u2019s whether it holds up in production, fits your design style, and matches your customer\u2019s expectations. Puff can make logos and typography feel more premium and collectible, yet it can also blur fine details, shift color slightly, and create consistency issues if the curing process isn\u2019t tightly controlled. Before you commit it to a full drop, it\u2019s worth weighing the pros and cons with a manufacturing mindset not a trend mindset.<\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Pros:<\/h3>\n<p>Puff printing sounds appealing\u00a0 and it can be but let\u2019s look at what <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/no-tech-pack-no-scale-how-big-brands-really-produce\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2953\">really makes it valuable for a brand:<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. Strong Visual Impact:<\/strong> Puff instantly draws attention. Raised prints stand out more than flat prints, which helps your brand visuals pop. But be careful: overusing puff on lots of <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/the-art-of-style-the-elements-of-design-in-fashion-and-textiles\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2954\">elements can make designs<\/a> feel cluttered, not dynamic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. Tactile Texture That Feels Premium:<\/strong> Texture can make a simple T-shirt feel more expensive without embroidery. However, if the puff layer is too thick, it can feel stiff or uncomfortable \u2014 especially on larger graphics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3. Great for Bold Graphics and Logos:<\/strong> Large, solid shapes like block type and bold logos are perfect for puff. Your <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/garment-samples-the-secret-successful-clothing-brands-use-to-win\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2957\">brand<\/a> name or emblem can literally stand out on the garment. Small lines and fine detail? Puff will struggle, turning them blurry or uneven.<\/li>\n<li><strong>4. Works Well with Streetwear and Casual Fashion:<\/strong> If your brand leans toward trendy, bold looks, puff fits right in. But if your brand\u2019s vibe is premium minimalism, puff may feel too loud or gimmicky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9649 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3.webp 1600w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3-250x188.webp 250w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3-430x323.webp 430w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3-700x525.webp 700w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-3-150x113.webp 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Cons:<\/h3>\n<p>Here\u2019s where most puff guides stop \u2014 but we\u2019re not doing that. <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/what-is-a-counter-sample-in-garment-manufacturing-and-why-brand-owners-need-it\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2943\">Brand owners need<\/a> to understand risks before they invest.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>1. Not Good for Detailed Designs:<\/strong> Puff requires bold shapes. Thin lines, ghosted shading, and detailed art just don\u2019t puff cleanly. If your brand uses delicate artwork, another <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/t-shirt-printing-methods-pros-cons-and-how-to-choose-the-right-one\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2946\">printing method<\/a> might perform better.<\/li>\n<li><strong>2. Color Shifts Can Happen:<\/strong> The puff additive can slightly alter how colors look once printed and cured. This matters if your brand uses specific color codes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>3. Texture Comfort:<\/strong> Raised prints can feel thicker and bulkier than flat prints. Some customers don\u2019t like that. Always request feel <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/how-does-a-prototype-sample-affect-my-clothing-production-cost\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2955\">samples before production<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>4. Higher Cost:<\/strong> Puff ink and the extra curing control needed mean higher cost per <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/sublimation-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2941\">shirt than basic screen printing<\/a>. If you\u2019re pricing products for mass market instead of premium streetwear, the margin impact matters.<\/li>\n<li><strong>5. Requires Skilled Printers:<\/strong> Puff printing isn\u2019t forgiving. Inconsistent heat, screen errors, or wrong screens can ruin the 3D effect.\u00a0That means you <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/what-is-a-fit-sample-and-why-you-need-it-in-garment-production\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2956\">need a production<\/a> partner with experience \u2014 not just a regular screen printer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9650 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-2.webp 1080w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-2-150x200.webp 150w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-2-430x573.webp 430w, https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/Puff-Printing-for-T-Shirts-2-700x933.webp 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Puff Printing vs Other Printing Options<\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Choosing puff printing isn\u2019t really about picking the \u201cbest\u201d method it\u2019s about picking the right tool for your design, fabric, order size, and brand positioning. Puff gives you a raised, tactile look that flat <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/how-to-get-a-great-t-shirt-print-even-if-you-cant-design\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2951\">prints can\u2019t<\/a> match, but that texture comes with trade-offs: it favors bold artwork, needs tighter heat control, and can cost more per unit. Meanwhile, methods like classic screen printing, DTF, and DTG each win in different situations whether you need sharp detail, fast scaling, lower cost, or a softer feel. This comparison will help you avoid the common mistake brand owners make: choosing a print method for the effect, then discovering it doesn\u2019t fit the product plan.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; height: 273px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"height: 53px;\">\n<th style=\"height: 53px;\">Technique<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 53px;\">Texture<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 53px;\">Best For<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 53px;\">Cost<\/th>\n<th style=\"height: 53px;\">Detail<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\"><strong>Puff Printing<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">3D raised<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Bold graphics &amp; logos<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Higher<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Low<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\"><strong>Flat Screen<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Flat<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Classic prints<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Lower<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\"><strong>DTG (Direct-to-Garment)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Smooth<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Complex art\/photos<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Higher<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">High<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/heat-transfer-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-benefits\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2947\">Heat Transfer<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Smooth<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/tips-on-choosing-the-best-clothing-manufacturer-for-small-runs\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2948\">Small runs<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Medium<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 55px;\">Medium<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Tips for Brand Owners Before You Produce<\/h2>\n<p>If you decide to use puff printing, here\u2019s how to avoid common mistakes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Request <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/why-is-a-physical-sample-more-important-than-a-digital-design\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2950\">physical samples<\/a> first<\/strong> \u2014 don\u2019t work from pictures alone.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Test multiple heat profiles<\/strong> \u2014 puff reacts differently on different fabrics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Keep designs bold and simple<\/strong> \u2014 fine detail rarely works.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Think strategically<\/strong> \u2014 use puff as accent rather than full coverage.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Get your printer aligned on expectations<\/strong> \u2014 temperature, mesh counts, test prints.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">Final Thought: A Reality Check<\/h2>\n<p>Puff <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/sublimation-printing-for-t-shirts-pros-cons-and-guide-for-brand-owners\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2942\">printing can boost the appeal of your T-shirts<\/a> \u2014 but only when used right. It\u2019s easy to choose because it \u201clooks cool,\u201d but the real measure is whether it supports your brand story and <a href=\"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/how-cmpt-ensures-quality-and-lead-time-in-garments-production\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2952\">product quality<\/a>. Ask yourself: \u201cDoes this technique make my product more valuable \u2014 or just more textured?\u201d Because if it doesn\u2019t add value, it adds cost and risk instead.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you\u2019re building a clothing brand and exploring printing techniques, you\u2019ve probably heard about puff printing, that raised, 3D look<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,36,94,129],"tags":[78,73,91,85,86,127,126,99],"class_list":["post-9634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fabrics-directory","category-fashion","category-manufacturing-sourcing","category-t-shirts","tag-fabric","tag-garment-factory","tag-garment-industry","tag-garment-manufacturing","tag-production-management","tag-shirts","tag-t-shirts","tag-t-shirts-fabric"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9634"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9634\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mekonggarment.com\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}